Despite an aging confined population, the current state of organ transplantation in carceral systems is largely unknown. This scoping review aimed to assess the literature on organ transplantation in populations experiencing incarceration. The review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for a scoping review. Included references were published between January 2000 and January 2022 in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature via EBSCO, EMBASE.com, PsycInfo via EBSCO, Sociological Abstracts via ProQuest, and Scopus. Two reviewers conducted title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction in order to generate common themes. The initial search yielded 3,225 studies, and 2,129 references underwent screening. Seventy studies underwent full-text review, and 10 met inclusion criteria. These studies revealed heterogeneous perspectives and policies by providers and transplant centers regarding transplant consideration of individuals with incarceration history or current involvement. Two studies on a kidney transplant program for patients experiencing incarceration showed transplant as a sustainable and potentially superior option for people who are incarcerated, as compared with chronic hemodialysis. Literature on transplantation for populations experiencing incarceration is sparse. More research is required to understand the demand for transplants and the ethical implications of the heterogeneous perspectives and policies on practice patterns.

For the millions of people incarcerated in United States' prisons and jails during the COVID-19 pandemic, isolation took many forms, including medical isolation for those sick with COVID-19, quarantine for those potentially exposed, and prolonged facility-wide lockdowns. Incarcerated people's lived experience of isolation during the pandemic has largely gone undocumented. Through interviews with 48 incarcerated people and 27 staff at two jails and one prison in geographically diverse locations in the United States, we document the implementation of COVID-19 isolation policies from the perspective of those that live and work in carceral settings. Incarcerated people were isolated from social contact, educational programs, employment, and recreation, and lacked clear communication about COVID-19-related protocols. Being isolated, no matter the reason, felt like punishment and was compared to solitary confinement-with resultant long-term, negative impacts on health. Participants detailed isolation policies as disruptive, detrimental to mental health, and dehumanizing for incarcerated people. Findings point to several recommendations for isolation policy in carceral settings. These include integrating healthcare delivery into isolation protocols, preserving social relationships during isolation, promoting bidirectional communication about protocols and their effect between facility leadership and incarcerated people. Most importantly, there is an urgent need to re-evaluate the current approach to the use of isolation in carceral settings and to establish external oversight procedures for its use during pandemics.

Objective: Separately, individuals with criminal legal involvement (CLI) and those who identify as a sexual minority are at heightened risk for experiencing discrimination and engaging in hazardous alcohol use; however, little is known about the prevalence of these experiences and behaviors among sexual minority individuals who also have a history of CLI. Method: We examined experiences of discrimination and hazardous alcohol use reported by individuals with CLI and compared prevalence between those who identify as a sexual minority and those who do not. Baseline, cross-sectional data of cisgender sexual minority individuals from a multisite, prospective cohort study examining pre-exposure prophylaxis acceptability and uptake among criminal legal-involved adults were analyzed (N = 362, 14% sexual minority). Results: Hazardous alcohol consumption was nearly twice as prevalent among participants who identified as a sexual minority compared to heterosexual participants, and a sexual minority identity was associated with higher discrimination scores. Additionally, hazardous drinking was more prevalent among those with higher discrimination scores. Conclusions: This study suggests that sexual minority individuals with a history of CLI are an especially high-risk group given the elevated rates of discrimination and hazardous alcohol use observed. More research is needed to further investigate the risk behaviors of this population and to develop interventions to intervene on their physical and mental health.

Katherine LeMasters and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein raise concerns about the lack of sustained change in prison health transparency after Covid-19 and implications for future public health crises.

Although the harms of incarceration on health are well known, little is known about individuals' competing priorities to maintaining their health while on probation and parole after release from incarceration. We explored individuals' competing needs on probation and parole (lack of health insurance/access, hazardous alcohol use, substance use, food insecurity, un/underemployment, housing insecurity, lack of social support, length of recent incarceration, prohibitive monthly fees, criminal legal discrimination) to achieving well-being. We explored overlap between competing needs and overall well-being. This descriptive, cross-sectional analysis assesses the relationship between competing needs and current well-being of participants in The Southern Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Study. Of 364 enrolled participants, 48% were thriving. The most common competing need was substance use (73%). Of the 10 competing needs, participants experienced a median 4 (interquartile range [IQR] 3-6). Those considered to be thriving experienced a median 4 (IQR 3-5) competing needs while those not thriving experienced a median 5 (IQR 4-6; p